Candidate · N14 Ranau (1994)
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Overall due diligence
Moderate
Enhanced due diligence required
Former federal MP and state assemblyman (PEP exposure) whose electoral record spans five affiliations, but the records supplied cover only election results; litigation, corporate, financial and regulatory checks remain open.
Electoral resilience
Medium
Won 4 of 8 recorded contests, including P120 Kinabalu (1978, 1982) and two Ranau state wins (1985, 1986), but lost the last four races (1989 by-election, 1990 federal, 1990 state, 1994 state).
Political continuity
High change
Multiple party switches across five affiliations (BEBAS → BERJAYA/BN → PBS → AKAR → AKAR/BN), notably the 1980s shift from PBS to AKAR before the 1989 by-election loss.
Integrity signal
Open
The supplied records contain no allegations, charges, or convictions; integrity status cannot be rated from electoral records alone.
Financial / corporate
Open
No SSM, asset-declaration, or company-registry records are in the supplied dataset; financial and corporate checks are not covered.
How much due-diligence attention each area needs — not a finding of wrongdoing.
Held federal parliamentary seat P120/P138 Kinabalu and Sabah state seat N14 Ranau across the late 1970s to mid-1980s.
Records show only party affiliations across BEBAS, BERJAYA/BN, PBS and AKAR; no documented appointments or patron/client links.
No procurement, contract-award or government-tender records are in the supplied dataset.
No SSM, GLC appointment or directorship records are in the supplied dataset.
No court-registry, civil or criminal records are in the supplied dataset.
No MACC, police, or regulatory-action records are in the supplied dataset.
No asset-declaration, income or credit-bureau records are in the supplied dataset.
No media or reputation records are in the supplied dataset beyond election tallies.
Mark Koding was a federal MP for Kinabalu (1978, 1982) and a Sabah state assemblyman for Ranau (1985, 1986) before losing four consecutive contests from 1989 onward under AKAR and AKAR/BN. The supplied records establish an active but ultimately waning political career across five party labels, with no allegations or convictions documented. Because the dataset contains only election results, key due-diligence dimensions (litigation, regulatory, corporate, financial, procurement and media) remain open and EDD is warranted on PEP exposure grounds.
Public-record review · allegations ≠ findings · a charge is not a conviction · every point links to its source record (E official results, R reviewed records, N collected reports). Prepared by AI from the records on this page; not an analyst finding, and it can be wrong.
No biography collected yet.
Arrests, charges, convictions, sentences, acquittals and pardons as reported by credible sources. Each item is marked with its stage — a charge is not a conviction — and outcomes are listed where reported.
No legal history found in the sources collected so far.
Allegations and investigations as reported by credible outlets. An allegation is not a finding; read each with its stage and source.
No scandals or controversies found in the sources collected so far.
Nothing collected yet.
Contested 8 elections, won 4.
| Election | Seat | Ticket | Votes | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sabah state election 1994 | N14 Ranau | AKAR · BN | 3,593 43.8% | 2nd of 2 |
| GE8 (1990) | P138 Kinabalu | AKAR | 6,625 47.2% | 2nd of 2 |
| Sabah state election 1990 | N14 Ranau | AKAR | 2,558 38.3% | 2nd of 4 |
| By-election, 9 Dec 1989 | N14 Ranau | AKAR | 2,517 39.5% | 2nd of 3 |
| Sabah state election 1986 | N14 Ranau | PBS | 3,599 61.5% | Won by 1,342 |
| Sabah state election 1985 | N14 Ranau | PBS | 2,702 52.7% | Won by 1,184 |
| GE6 (1982) | P120 Kinabalu | BERJAYA · BN | — | Won unopposed |
| GE5 (1978) | P120 Kinabalu | BEBAS | 7,649 63.5% | Won by 3,253 |
Official gazetted results via the Malaysian Election Corpus (grade A record).
Collected automatically from credible outlets and Wikipedia, then cross-checked: Verified items match the official record, Confirmed items were reported by two or more different outlets, and single-source items are one outlet’s report. Partisan and anonymous claims are never shown.